对比观点题型

　　（1）    要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。

　　1．    有一些人认为。。。

　　2．    另一些人认为。。。

　　3．    我的看法。。。

　　The topic of ①-----------------（主题）is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------（支持A的理由一）What is more, ③-------------理由二). Moreover, ④---------------(理由三).

　　While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),⑥------------------（理由二）. Thirdly (finally),⑦------------------(理由三).

　　From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------（我的观点）. The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice .

　　（2）    给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点

　　Some people believe that ①----------------（观点一）. For example, they think ②-----------------（举例说明）．And it will bring them ③-----------------(为他们带来的好处).

　　In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,④-------------(我不同意该看法的理由一). For another thing, ⑤-----------------(反对的理由之二)．

　　　　　　 Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥------------------(我对文章所讨论主题的看法)．

　　阐述主题题型

　　要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述．

　　１．    阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义．

　　２．    分析并举例使其更充实．

　　The good old proverb ----------------（名言或谚语）reminds us that ----------------(释义). Indeed, we can learn many things form it.

　　First of all,-----------------(理由一). For example, -------------------(举例说明). Secondly,----------------(理由二). Another case is that ---------------(举例说明). Furthermore , ------------------(理由三)．

　　In my opinion, ----------------(我的观点). In short, whatever you do, please remember the say------A. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.

　　解决方法题型

　　要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径

　　１．    问题现状

　　２．    怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)

　　　　　 In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious. First, ------------(说明Ａ的现状)．Second, ---------------(举例进一步说明现状)

　　　　　　 Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ---------------(解决方法一). For another -------------(解决方法二). Finally, --------------(解决方法三).

　　Personally, I believe that -------------(我的解决方法). Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because --------------(带来的好处).

　　说明利弊题型

　　这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测）

　　１．    说明事物现状

　　２．    事物本身的优缺点（或一方面）

　　３．    你对现状（或前景）的看法

　　Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First ----------------(Ａ的优点之一). Besides -------------------（Ａ的优点之二）.

　　But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ----------------(Ａ的第一个缺点)．To make matters worse,------------------(Ａ的第二个缺点)．

　　Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to ---------------(我的看法)．

　　(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way, ---------------(对前景的预测)．)

　　议论文的框架

　　　　(1) 不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ）

　　　There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.

　　　　People,　however,　differ　in　their　opinions　on　this　matter.　Some　people　hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______.  On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there　is no　doubt　that ___观点二______.　

　　　As far as I am concerned, I　firmly　support　the　view　that __观点一或二______.　It　is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.

　　  （2）利弊型的议论文

　　Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___优点一______.  And secondly ___优点二_____.

　　Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺点一______. In addition,  ____缺点二______.

　　To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.

　　( 3 ) 答题性议论文

　　   Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.

　　   As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, __途径一______. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.

　　   Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.

　　( 4 ) 谚语警句性议论文

　　    It is well know to us that the proverb: " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. ( also theoretically )

　　    A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.

　　    With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..

　　图表作文的框架

　　    as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in　the　table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.

　　　　There　are　at　least　two　good　reasons accounting for ______. On　the　one　hand, ________. On　the　other　hand,　_______ is　due　to　the　fact　that ________.　In　addition, ________ is　responsible　for _______.　Maybe　there　are　some　other　reasons　to　show ________.　But　it　is　generally　believed　that　the　above　mentioned　reasons　are　commonly convincing.

　　　　As　far　as　I　am　concerned,　I hold the point of view that _______. I　am　sure　my　opinion　is　both　sound　and　well-grounded.

　　实用性写作（申请信 )

　　                                                                  Your address

　　                                                                Month, Date, year

　　Receivers address

　　Dear ...,

　　I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the position in .... And I would like to write a letter to tell you that.../ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising.

　　    .../ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed. On the one hand, .... On the other hand, .... I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.

　　    I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview. I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.

　　    Best regards for your health and success.

　　                                                                  Sincerely yours,

　　                                                                  X X X

　　现象说明文

　　Recently _______,what amazes us most is______________,it is ture that__________.

　　There are many reasons explaining__________________________.The main reason is____________________.

　　what is more_________________________.thirdly__________________________.As a result_______________.

　　Considering all there,________________________.For one thing_____________________,for another________

　　____.In Conclusion____________________.

　　一种事物或现象（负面意义倾向）

　　关于A的话题,早已引起了广泛的社会关注。如今在电视、报纸、日常生活的很多角落，都有越来越多的关于A的议论。

　　给A一个精确恒定的定义并非易事，因为它的概念涉及了科学、人性、思想、经济、社会、自然等广阔的领域。一般而言，我们可以这样描述A…

　　A能成为公众关注的焦点，主要是由于它对个人、集体乃至整个世界都有着不容忽视的不良影响。

　　认真分析后我们可以看到，A对社会/世界 /健康的不利有很多。首先，从最直观的角度来看，A的出现直接损害了（这里加入一句针对性的话，如人类的身体健康和环境的平衡） 。（举例）。其次，从更深一层次上讲，它为人类的精神文明蒙上了一层阴影。更可怕的是，由于A所产生微小利益，却促成了许多可悲的人们为其忘乎所以，破坏了人类生存的法则和空间。

　　事实上，A的出现是社会发展和人类进步的产物，A所带来的危害是人类进化过程中付出的代价。同时，A的产生来源于部分人们的自私和趋利性，他们看到的是肤浅和片面的利益，而从未从整个全局和人类整体的利益出发去认识和分析它。这使得A始终挥之不去。对此，我奉劝他们，跳出狭小的角落，用长远和全局的眼光去重新审视A。

　　而如今，我们已深受其害，要想消除它的危害，我们必须从根源上杜绝它的产生，我们每一个人都应给予A高度的重视，用系统的和科学的方法去解决，唯有这样，避免它带来更多损失，我们人类前进的脚步才会更加平稳，更加欢快的迈向辉煌的明天。

　　One object or phenomenon (negative significance inclination.)

　　A has attracted extensive attention of the society. Nowadays, increasingly more argumentations about A can be found in TV programs, newspapers, ugogo and marry aspects of our everyday life.

　　Since its concept covers vast fields, such as science, humanity, ideology, economy, society and nature, A is difficult to be defined, precisely and fixedly. Generally speaking ,we can describe A as follows:…….

　　A’s status as the focus of public concern mainly results from its in negligible but harmful influence on individuals, collective, and even the whole world. It seems to have a strange power to drive some individuals or organizations to act wrongly. The essence of these wrong actions is:

　　(1) to gain personal, short-term and partial individual interest at the expense of damaging others’ long-term and overall interest;

　　(2) to adopt improper means to win more rewards with less input.

　　Situating under the shadow of A, individuals /organizations and violate natural law merely to obtain temporary, or even illusory interests. However, the result may turn out to be loss of really important and valuable resource or ability.

　　We must keep highly alert of the problems evoked by A, because once the harmful influence accumulates to a certain degree and then spread, it will surely threaten the development of the whole society.

　　Though with various reasons and forms, from the perspective of the essence, the problems brought by A originates from the fundamental principle of human ideology and material production. Thus, we should seek the solutions through setting foot on this principle.

　　Due to the depth and width of A’s harmful influence, we should draft our solutiogogotematically on the basis of deep analysis of A problem. We must acquire our power from technology, management, law and culture terrorm, effectively eliminate the shadow of A, and ensures ourselves a bright future.

　　--  万能英语作文模板，

　　（I）说明原因型

　　模块（一）

　　Nowadays ,there are more and more XX in some big cities . It is estimated

　　that ( 1 ).

　　Why have there been so many XX ? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.

　　The first one is that ( 2 ) .Besides,( 3 ) . The third reason is ( 4 ).

　　To sum up ,the main cause of XX is due to ( 5 ) .

　　It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing ,( 6 ).

　　On the other hand ,( 7 ). All these measures will certainly reduce the

　　number of XX .

　　注释：

　　（1）用具体数据说明XX现象

　　（2）原因一

　　（3）原因二

　　（4）原因三

　　（5）指出主要原因

　　（6）解决建议一

　　（7）解决建议二

　　Generation gap between parents and children

　　Nowadays , there are more and more misunderstanding between parents and

　　children which is so- called generation gap . It is estimated that (75 percentages

　　of parents often complain their childrens unreasonable behavior while children

　　usually think their parents too old fashioned).

　　Why have there been so much misunderstanding between parents and children?

　　Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows . The first one is that ( the two generations,

　　having grown up at different times, have different likes and dislikes ,thus the disagreement often rises between them) . Besides(due to having little in common to talk about , they are not willing to sit face to face ) . The third reason is (with the

　　pace of modern life becoming faster and faster , both of them are so busy with their

　　work or study that they dont spare enough time to exchange ideas ).To sum up ,the main cause of XX is due to ( lake of communication and understanding each other) .

　　It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing (children should

　　respect their parents ).On the other hand ,( parents also should show solicitue for

　　their children). All these measures will certainly bridge the generation gap .

　　第二天：

　　（I）说明原因型

　　模块（2）

　　　In recent years , xx has caused a heated debate on ( 1 ).

　　　The factors for ( 2 ) .First of all ,( 3 ).Then , there

　　comes a case that ( 4 ). Moreover , ( 5 ) . Especially

　　when ( 6 ) .

　　Indeed, these unique points can be collected theo remind

　　people that ( 7 ).In this way ,we should behave just like

　　( 8 ).

　　The impact of Television

　　　In recent years , with the development of science and

　　technology ,80 percent of all homes in China have satellite

　　TV , offering as many as 50 channels .It has caused a heated

　　debate on (the impact of television on children ). Many

　　parents　are worried about the impact of so much television

　　on children.

　　　The factors for (parents worry is that children are indulge in

　　television and spend too much time on it .) .First of all ,(with so

　　many programs to choose from , children are not getting as much

　　exercise as they should ).Then , there comes a case that ( some

　　studies have show that excessive watching of television by millions

　　of children has lowered their ability to achieve in school ).

　　Moreover , ( the effect on childrens minds are more serious than

　　the effect on childrens bodies ) . Especially when ( the children

　　are too small to judge what programs are suit to them ) .

　　Indeed, these unique points can be connected to remind

　　parents that ( they should pay close attention to and responsibilities

　　for supervising their childrens TV viewing ).In this way ,children

　　will not be influented too deeply .

　　（I）说明原因型

　　模块（3）

　　　Currently,XX has been the order of the day .This does demonstrate

　　the theory --- nothing is more valuable than XX .

　　　It is clear that ( 　　1 　　). If you ( 　　　　2 　　　　), as a result ,

　　your dreams willcome true . On the contrary, if you ( 　3　　　　　).

　　Failure will be following　with you .It turns out that all your plan falls through .

　　　No one can deny another fact that ( 　　4　　　　　) .You donnt have to

　　look　very far to find out the truth , in respect that we all know (　　5　　　) .

　　It will exert a profound influence upon ( 　　6　　　).

　　　With reference to my standpoint ,I think ( 　　7　　　　　).

　　注释：

　　1 ： XX的第一个优点

　　2： 支持XX的做法

　　3：不支持XX的做法

　　4：XX的第二个优点

　　5：举例证明优点二

　　6：说明XX优点三的影响第三天我写的相应作文：

　　The importance of self-confidence

　　　Currently, self-confidence has been the order of the day .

　　This does demonstrate the 　theory --- nothing is more valuable

　　than　self-confidence.

　　　It is clear that (self-confidence means trust in ones abilities ).

　　If you ( are full of self-confidence ,it will bring your creative power

　　to play , arouse your enthusiasm for work, and help you overcome

　　difficulties ), as a result , your dreams willcome true .On the contrary,

　　if you ( have no confidence in yourself,　there is little possibility that

　　you would ever achieve anything ). Failure will be following　with you。

　　It turns out that all your plan falls through .

　　　No one can deny another fact that (self-confidence gives you light

　　when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismayed) .

　　You donnt have to look　very far to find out the truth , in respect

　　that we all know (the secret of MMe.Curie lies in preserverence and

　　self-confidence,　the latter in particular) . It will exert a profound

　　influence upon ( the achievement of ones ambitions ).

　　　With reference to my standpoint ,I think (he that can have

　　self-confidence can have what he will).

　　（I）说明原因型

　　模块（4）

　　　 For most of us today ,(　　　　1　　　　　　　　　).

　　　From above ,we can find that the reasons

　　why (　　　　2　　　　　　　　　　　) are as follows.

　　　The primary reason ,i think,　is (　　　　3　　　　).

　　　Second,(　　　4　　　　).

　　　The third reason,　actually　,is (　　　5　　　　　).

　　　The significance for (　　　　　　　　　6　　　　)　。

　　Therefore ,(　　　7　　　　　).

　　注释：

　　（1）人们针对XX的态度和举措

　　（2）归纳现状

　　（3）第一个原因

　　（4）第二个原因

　　（5）第三个原因

　　（6）重申造成现状的最重要原因

　　（7）我的建议我写的模块（４）的相应的作文，仅供参考

　　　　　　　　　　　　 pollution

　　　 most of us today (recognize that environmental pollution has

　　been　a greatly serious problem . lots of plants trees corps are

　　destroyed　by bad air .many fish die of poisonous water . thousands

　　of people die from eating poisoned fish or breathing in gas . therefore ,

　　environmental pollution should be responsible for these diseases

　　that are disabling ,or bringing death not only to human beings ,

　　but also to wild life .)

　　from above ,we can find that the reasons why (environment are polluted

　　more and more seriously) are as follows.

　　　the primary reason ,I think , is (the reason of harmful substances into

　　environment . for example ,to prevent insects ,farmers make use of great

　　amounts of insecticides, so as to have bumper harvests . however ,they

　　pollute air ,water and land ).

　　second,(the gas coming from the car engines and factories also make

　　environment polluted badly ).

　　the third reason actually is (the result of a growing population in

　　the world . everyday , so much litter and waste are poured out from

　　houses ,also pollute the environment ).

　　the significance for (controlling pollution ) noted that its high

　　time that more effective measures should be taken .

　　therefore ,(new laws should be passed to limit the amount of pollutants

　　from factories . moreover ,in the households ,there is an obvious need

　　to reduce litter and waste . lets make our good efforts ,and the world

　　will be a safer place to live for us ).

　　（I）说明原因型

　　模块（5）

　　These days we often hear that ( 1 ).

　　It is common that ( 2 ).

　　Why does such circumstance occur in spite of social

　　protects? For one thing ,( 3 ).

　　For another,( 4 ). What is more,

　　since ( 5 ),it is natural that ( 6 ).

　　To solve the problem is not easy at all ,but is worth

　　trying .We should do something such as ( 7 )

　　to improve he present situation ,and i do believe everything

　　will be better in the future .

　　(1)提出论题

　　（2）说明现状

　　（3）理由一

　　（4）理由二

　　（5）理由三

　　（6）理由三引起的后果

　　（7）解决方法

　　我写的模块（5）的相应的作文

　　pollution of environment

　　??These days we often hear that (our living conditions are getting more and more serious because of the destruction of our environment ).It is common that (many trees and animals are near extinction, and the all-important food chain has been destroyed .).

　　??Why does such circumstance occur in spite of social protects? For one thing ,(the population of the world is increasing so rapidly that the world has been so crowded. ).For another,(the overuse of natural resources has influenced the balance of natural ecology ). What is more , since ( the industrial revolution ) ,it is natural

　　that (a great number of factories have been springing up like mushrooms .The smoke and harmful chemicals released from factories also pollute the environment ).

　　??To solve the problem is not easy at all ,but is worthying .We should do something such as (planting more trees , equipping cars with pollution-control devices and learning to recycling natural resources )to improve the present situation ,and i do believe everything will be better in the future .

　　                                      作文的开头

　　一篇文章通常可分为三个部分，即开头、正文和结尾。这三个部分安排是否得体，直接影响到文章的质量。

　　文章的开头一般来说应尽量做到开门见山，用简单明白的叙述引出文章的话题，使读者了解文章要谈论什么，一下于引起读者的兴趣。

　　作文常见的开头形式大致有以下几种：

　　1．开门见山，揭示主题

　　文章一开头，，就交待清楚文章的主题是什么。如“How I Spent My Vacation”(我怎样度假)的开头是：

　　I Spent my last vacation happily．

　　下面是题为"Honesty"(谈诚实)一文中的开头：

　　Honesty is one of the best virtues．An honest man is always trusted and respected．On the contrary, one who tells lies is regarded as a "liar"，and is looked upon by honest people．

　　2．交代人物、事情、时间或环境开头

　　在文章的开头，先把人物、事件和环境交待清楚。例如"A Trip to Jinshan" (去金山旅游)的开头：

　　The day before yesterday my class went on a bus trip to Jinshan. The bus ride there took three hours. The long trip made us very tired, but the sight of the beautiful sea refreshed us.

　　3. 回忆性的开头

　　用回忆的方法来开头。例如"A Trip to the Taishan Mountain"(泰山游)的开头是：

　　I remember my first trip to the Taishan Mountain as if it were yesterday.

　　4．概括性的开头

　　即对要在文章中叙述的人或事先作一个概括性的介绍。如“The Happiness of Reading Books”(读书的快乐)的开头：

　　People often say that gold and silver are the most valuable things in the world. But I say that to read books is more valuable than anything else, because books give us knowledge and knowledge gives us power.

　　5．介绍环境式的开头

　　即开头利用自然景物或自然环境引出要介绍的事物。如“An Accident”(一场事故)的开头是:

　　It was a rainy and windy morning. The sky was gloomy, the temperature was low, and the street was nearly empty. I was on my way back to school. Suddenly, a speeding car came round the corner.

　　6．交待写作目的的开头。

　　在文章的一开头就交待写作目的，如通过文章要表扬谁，批评谁，或说明一个什么问题等。如 "Pollution Control" (控制污染)的开头：

　　In this article I shall draw your attention to the subject of pollution control.